Why do we care? (better design!)
Want to improve user performance
Knowing the user informs the design
Senses
Information processing systems
Physical responding
I. Senses
Sight, hearing, touch important for current HCI
smell, taste ???
Abilities and limitations affect design
Vision
Visual System
Eye
Retina
Neural pathway
~ 80% of brain’s operation
Visual Abilities
Sensitivity
luminance: 10-6~107 mL (see notes)
Acuity
detection, alignment, recognition (visual angle)
retinal position: fovea has best acuity
Movement
tracking, reading, vibrations
Note: Vision decreases with age
Implications (??)
Font size & location depends on task
Much done by context & grouping
Color
Sensory response to electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum between wavelengths 0.4 - 0.7 micrometers
Color Vision
Color Vision
Color & the retina
380 (blue) ~ 770nm (red)
Problems with cones or ganglion cells causes problems with color perception
(Not really “color blindness”)
8% males, 0.5% females
Implications (??)
Avoid saturated colors
Color coding should be redundant when possible
Hearing
Capabilities (best-case scenario)
pitch - frequency (20 - 20,000 Hz)
loudness - amplitude (30 - 100dB)
location (5° source & stream separation)
timbre - type of sound (lots of instruments)
Often take for granted how good it is (disk whirring)
Implications (??)
Touch
Three main sensations handled by different types of receptors:
Pressure (normal)
Intense pressure (heat/pain)
Temperature (hot/cold)
Sensitivity, Dexterity, Flexibility, Speed
Where important?
Mouse, Other I/O, VR, surgery
III. Motor System
Capabilities
Range of movement, reach, speed, strength, dexterity, accuracy
Often cause of errors
Wrong button
Double-click vs. single click
Principles
Feedback is important
Minimize eye movement
Want to improve user performance
Knowing the user informs the design
Senses
Information processing systems
Physical responding
I. Senses
Sight, hearing, touch important for current HCI
smell, taste ???
Abilities and limitations affect design
Vision
Visual System
Eye
Retina
Neural pathway
~ 80% of brain’s operation
Visual Abilities
Sensitivity
luminance: 10-6~107 mL (see notes)
Acuity
detection, alignment, recognition (visual angle)
retinal position: fovea has best acuity
Movement
tracking, reading, vibrations
Note: Vision decreases with age
Implications (??)
Font size & location depends on task
Much done by context & grouping
Color
Sensory response to electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum between wavelengths 0.4 - 0.7 micrometers
Color Vision
Color Vision
Color & the retina
380 (blue) ~ 770nm (red)
Problems with cones or ganglion cells causes problems with color perception
(Not really “color blindness”)
8% males, 0.5% females
Implications (??)
Avoid saturated colors
Color coding should be redundant when possible
Hearing
Capabilities (best-case scenario)
pitch - frequency (20 - 20,000 Hz)
loudness - amplitude (30 - 100dB)
location (5° source & stream separation)
timbre - type of sound (lots of instruments)
Often take for granted how good it is (disk whirring)
Implications (??)
Touch
Three main sensations handled by different types of receptors:
Pressure (normal)
Intense pressure (heat/pain)
Temperature (hot/cold)
Sensitivity, Dexterity, Flexibility, Speed
Where important?
Mouse, Other I/O, VR, surgery
III. Motor System
Capabilities
Range of movement, reach, speed, strength, dexterity, accuracy
Often cause of errors
Wrong button
Double-click vs. single click
Principles
Feedback is important
Minimize eye movement
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